85 references critical or doubtful of the possibility of
100% renewable energy supply.
T. Trainer
11.2021
These are articles I have come across and filed. They are
not just claims/statements; most provide technical arguments. Most are
from
academic journals. 23 of the items are by me.
My view on the issue is that it is far from settled. All
the studies I have looked at have serious challenges, especially re
assumptions. I think there is a strong case that very high penetration
renewable energy supply will be either very difficult and costly or not
affordable. It is disturbing that the field remains chaotic. This is
primarily
because the right kind of studies, simulations, have not bee carried out
in
sufficient number and have not moved towards consensus re findings. (For
a
discussion of this point see “Some thoughts on the possibility of 100%
renewable energy supply for Australia.“)
Alexander,
S.,
(2012), Energy, “Can renewable energy sustain consumer
societies?”
Andrews, R., (2017), “Australia,
energy
storage and the Blakers study”, Energy
Matters. Nov. 13.
Bhandari; et al. (2015). "Energy payback time
(EPBT) and energy return on energy invested (EROI) of solar photovoltaic
systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 47:
133–141. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.057.
Barnhart, C., et al., (2013), On the
importance of reducing the energetic and material demands of electrical
energy
storage. Energy Environment Science, (6): 1083–1092).
Bossell,
U.,
(2006), “Does a Hydrogen Economy Make Sense?”, Proceedings of the
IEEE.
Vol. 94, No. 10, October
Brook, B., (2013), “Counting
the
hidden costs of energy”, The Conversation,
March 20.
|
Capellán-Pérez, I.; De Blas, I.; Nieto, J.; De Castro, C.; Miguel,
L.J.; Carpintero, Ó.; Mediavilla, M.; Lobejón, L.F.;
Ferreras-Alonso, N.; Rodrigo, P.; et al. (2020), “MEDEAS: A new
modeling framework integrating global biophysical and
socioeconomic constraints.” Energy Environ. Sci. 13,
986–1017. Capellan-Perez, I.,
Carlos de Castro, L J. M. Gonzalez, (2019), “Dynamic Energy Return on
Energy Investment (EROI) and material requirements in
scenarios of global transition to renewable energies”, Energy Strategy Reviews, Volume 26, November.
Clack, C. et al., (2017), “Evaluation of a proposal for
reliable low cost grid power with 100% wind, water and solar”, PNAS,
June 27, 114, 26, 6722 – 6727. Appl.
Sci.. Pages 1 - 13. |
de Castro, C, and I. Capellán-Pérez, (2018), “Concentrated Solar Power: Actual Performance and Foreseeable Future in
High Penetration Scenarios of Renewable Energies”, BioPhysical Economics and Resource Quality,
Volume 3, Aug. Article number: 14.
De Castro, C et al, , (2013), “Global solar electric potential: A review of their technical and sustainable limits”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 28, December, Pages 824-835
Dunn, M., (2017 Everything you need to know about Tesla’s
battery in South Australia News.com
http://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/inventions/everything-you-need-to-know-about-teslas-battery-in-south-australia/news-story/a989f74cfccb8a1211de83f5becc60ed
Ferroni, F., and R. J. Hopkirk, (2016),
“Energy Return on Energy Invested (ERoEI) for photovoltaic solar systems
in
regions of moderate insolation”. Energy Policy 94, 336–344.
Friedmann, A., (2021), Life
After
Fossil Fuels: A Reality Check on Alternative Energy, Springer
International Publishing. 207 pp.
Friedemann,
A., www.energyskeptic.com
Friedmann,
A., (2015), When Trucks Stop Running:
Energy and the Future of Transportation”,
Springer.
Friedmann,
A.,, Barriers to Making Algal
Biofuels,
Friedmann,
A., “Crunch! Whole Grain Artisan
Chips and Crackers”.
Friedmann,
A., Podcasts: Collapse
Chronicles, Derrick Jensen, Practical Prepping, KunstlerCast
253, KunstlerCast278, Peak Prosperity , XX2
report
Friedmann, A., (2016), Heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cell
trucks a waste of energy and money”. EnergySkeptic, Sept.3.
Friedmann, A., (2017), Big Fight; 21 top scientists show why Jacobson
and Delucchi’s renewable scheme is a delusional fantasy”, June 24. energyskeptic
Friedmann, A., (2016), When Trucks Stop Running,
Dordrecht, Springer.
Friedmann, A., (2016), How is Californias’s AB2514 experiment with utility scale battery storage coming along? Dec.3.
Hall, C. A.S. G. L. Lambert, and S. B. Balough, (2014), “EROI
of different fuels and the implications
for society,” Energy Policy, 64.
Heard, Brook, B.; Wigley, T. Bradshaw, C., (2017),
“Burden of proof: A comprehensive review of the feasibility of 100%
renewable-electricity systems”. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 76,
1122–1133
Honnery,
D.
(2016), “Can renewable energy power the future?” Energy Pol.
2016,
93, 3–7.
International Energy Agency, (2021),The role of
critical minerals in the transition to renewable energy, IEA, May.
https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions
Jasamine, C., (2018), “Electric car dreams may be dashed by 2050 on lack of cobalt, lithium
supplies. March 16. https://www.mining.com/electric-cars-dreams-may-shattered-2050-lack-cobalt-lithium-supplies/
Kingsnorth, P., Quoting Tim Morgan, in Tim Morgan blog,
Quoted in
Intermission:
The
Machine Stops?
Oct 28. 2020(?)
Lang, P., (2020), PA Pundits – International,
Australian
Daily Wind
Power Generation . Posted on Sun 07/26/2020 by TonyfromOz
Brave New Climate,
9 February.
Loftus,
P.J.,
Cohen, A.M., Long, J.C.S. Jesse, D. Jenkins, J.D., (2015), “A critical
review of global decarbonization scenarios: What do they tell us about
feasibility?” WIREs Clim. Chang. 6, 93–112.
Mackay, D., (2008), Sustainable Energy —
Without the Hot Air, Version 3.5.2. November 3, 2008.
Means,
E.,
(2017), “100% renewable electricity in Australia”, Nov.1. http://euanmearns.com
Michaux, S. p., (2021),
Assessment of the Extra Capacity Required of
Alternative Energy Electrical Power Systems to Completely Replace Fossil
Fuels, Geological
Survey of
Finland, 20 August 2021 http://www.pelicanweb.org/solisustv17n10page12.html
Moriarty,
P.,
(2012), “What is the global potential for renewable energy? Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 244–252 .
Moriarty, P. and D. Honnery, (2016), “Can renewable
energy power the future?”, Energy Policy, 93, 3–7.
Moriaty,
P.,
and D Honnery, (2021), “The limits of renewable energy”,
Energy, 25th June.
Moriarty,
P.,
and Damon Honnery, (2020), “Feasibility of a 100% Global Renewable
Energy
System”, Energies, Oct.
Murphy, T., (2011), “Pump Up the Storage’, Do The Math.
Nieto,
J.,
Carpintero, O.; Miguel, L.J.; de Blas, I. (2020), “Macroeconomic
modelling
under energy constraints: Global low carbon transition scenarios”. Energy
Policy, 137, 111090.
Palmer,
G.,
(2013), “Household Solar Photovoltaics: Supplier of Marginal Abatement,
or
Primary Source of Low-Emission Power?” Sustainability, 2013, 5,
1406-1442; doi:10.3390/su5041406
Palmer, G. and J. Floyd, (2020), Energy Storage and
Civilisation; A Systems Approach. Dodrecht, Springer.
Pellow, M. A., (2015), “Hydrogen
or
batteries for grid storage? A net energy analysis”, Energy
Environ.
Sci., 8,
1938-1952, 8th April
.
Prieto, P. A., (2017), “Spain’s solar revolution
revisited”, ISBPE. Montana, June 20 .
Pickard,
W.
F., (2014), “Energy return on energy invested (EROI): A quintessential
but
possibly inadequate metric for sustainability in a solar-powered
world.”” Proc.
IEEE, 102, 1118–1122.
Pietro,
P.,
(2021), 100% Decabonisation with 100% Energy Systems Through Power
to
Gas and Direct Electrification.
https://www.15-15.15.org/webzine/2021/04/02/report-100percent-decarbonization-with-100percent-renewable-energy-systems/
Seibert,
M. K., and W. E. Rees ,
(2021), “Through the Eye of a Needle: An Eco-Heterodox Perspective on
the
Renewable Energy Transition”, Energies, 2021, 14,
4508.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154508
Shaner, M. R., S. J. Davis, N. S. Lewis, and
J. Caldeira,
(2018),
“Geophysical constraints on the
reliability
of solar and wind power in the United States”, Energy & Env
Sinn, H. W., (2017), “Buffering
Volatility. A study on the limits of Germany’s energy revolution”.
European Economic Review. http://www.hanswernersinn.de/dcs/2017% in
20Buffering%20Volatility%20EER%2099%202017.pdf
Smil,
V.,
(2019), “What we need to know about the pace of decarbonization.” Substantia
3(2) Suppl.1: 13-28. DOI: 10.13128/ Substantia-XXX
Smil,
V.
(2012), “A skeptic looks at alternative energy”. IEEE Spectr.
49, 46–52.
Smil,
V.(2018),
“It’ll be harder than we
thought to get the carbon out”, IEEE Spectr., 55, 72–75.
Tempe, J., (2018), “The $2.5 trillion reason we
can’t rely on batteries to clean up the grid”,
MIT Technology Review, July 28. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/611683/the-25-trillion-reason-we-cant-rely-on-batteries-to-clean-up-the-grid/
Trainer, T., (2013), “Can Europe run on renewable energy? A negative
case.” Energy Policy, 63, 845–85
Trainer,
T.,
(2013), “100% Renewable supply? Comments on the reply by Jacobson and
Delucchi to the critique by Trainer”. Energy Policy, 57,
634–640.
Trainer, T., (2017), “Can renewables meet total
Australian energy demand: A “disaggregated” approach”, Energy Policy,109,
539-544.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.07.040
Trainer, T., (2012), Critical comments on “Simulations of
scenarios with
100% renewable electricity in the Australian National Electricity
Market. Solar 12011, 49th
AuSES Annual
Conference, 30 Nov – 2
Dec., By Ben
Elliston, Mark Diesendorf and Iain MacGill, UNSW...Published in Energy
Policy,17TH Aug.
Trainer, T., (2021), Some thoughts on The Gratton
Report, Go For Net Zero, 2021.
Trainer, T, (2018), “Some questions
concerning
the Blakers et al. case that pumped hydro storage can enable 100%
electricity
supply.”, Energy Policy, (2019) 128, May, 470-475.)
Trainer, T., (2013), “Can the world run on renewable
energy? An improved negative case,” Humanomics,
29, 2, pp. 88 -104. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0828-8666&volume=29&issue=2&articleid=17088332&show=html
Trainer, T., (2011), “Critical comments on Energy
(R)evolution; A Sustainable Australian Energy Outlook.”,
Trainer,
T., 2013.
Limits to solar thermal
energy set by intermittency and low DNI: Implications from
meteorological data.
Energy Policy, 63, 910 -917.
Trainer, T, (2014), “Comments on the proposal for 100%
renewable
electricity supply for Australia by Ellistonn, Diesendorf and MacGill, Brave
New
Climate, June 2.
https://bravenewclimate.com/2014/06/02/critique-100pc-renewables-edm/
Trainer, T., (2014) “The limits
to solar
thermal: Reply to Lilliestam et al.” Energy Policy, (75) 422 –
423.
Trainer T., (2017-18?, ), “Some
factors
that would affect the retail price for 100% Australian renewable
electricity”, Energy
Policy,
Trainer, T., (2014), The limits to solar thermal power”, Energy
Policy, 2014. DOI 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.05.020.
Trainer, T., (2014), “Some inconvenient theses,” Energy
Policy, 62 168 – 174.
Trainer, T, (2019), “Some questions concerning the Blakers et
al. case that
pumped hydro storage can enable 100%.” Energy Policy,
(2019)
128, May, 470-475.
Trainer, T., (2017), “Some problems in storing renewable
energy. Energy Policy, 110, Nov., 386-393.
Trainer, T. (2018), "Estimating the EROI of whole systems for 100% renewable electricity
supply capable of dealing with intermittency," Energy Policy, Vol. 119(C), 648-653.
Trainer, T., (2020), “Run everything on
renewable energy? Consider the German experience.” Pearls and
Irritations,
15th Dec. https://johnmenadue.com/the-german-experience-running-everything-on-renewable-energy/)
Trainer, T., (2018), “Estimating the performance of the
Aurora CSP plant in poor conditions”, Energy Policy.
Trainer, T., (Undated), Renewable Energy Limits — A Brief
Summary, Brave
New World.
Trainer, (2017), Questioning “Our Renewable Future”:
There is a stronger case than Heinberg and Fridley present.
Resilience,
8TH Feb.
Trainer, T., (), “Estimating the EROI of whole systems
for 100% renewable electricity supply capable of dealing with
intermittency.” Energy Policy, vol. 119(C), 648-653
Trainer, T., (2016), “Brief critical notes on the UTS
report,
Vikström, H., Davidsson, S., Höök, M., (2013), “Lithium
availability and future
production outlooks,”
Applied
Energy, 110(10): 252-266.
Weisback, D., G. Ruprecht, A. Huke, K. Cserski, S.
Gottlleib and A. Hussein, (2013), “Energy intensities, EROIs and energy
payback
times of electricity generating power plants”, Energy, 52, 210-
221.
World Energy Council, (2015), http://sputniknews.com/environment/20151207/1031387439/energy-demand-renewable-energy.html#ixzz3tffri7pF